Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, usually the legs. This reduction in blood flow can cause pain, numbness, and tissue damage in the affected areas. PAD is typically caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque in the arteries, and is more common in older adults and individuals with risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. Treatment for PAD may include lifestyle changes, medications, and in severe cases, surgery or other procedures to restore blood flow to the affected limbs. Research in this area focuses on improving understanding of the causes and progression of PAD, developing better diagnostic tools and treatment options, and preventing complications and disability associated with the disease.